As a neutron has no charge, a neutron detector incorporates a neutron-to-ionization particle converter. The incident neutrons are captured by the converter material which then produces (detectable) ionizing particles by means of a nuclear reaction.
Photonis gas-filled detectors are designed to detect thermal neutrons (En < 0.025 eV), so the capture cross-section of the detecting material must be as large as possible for this low energy. We therefore use 235U (580 barns at 20 °C) for our fission chambers, and 10B (3840 barns at 20 °C) for our boron-lined proportional counters.
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